Towards Effective Human-AI Collaboration

Abstract

As AI technologies gain widespread acceptance across society, human-AI collaboration has emerged as a promising avenue to enhance the accountability and reliability of task outcomes where AI is used in task completion. Although AI systems are advancing rapidly, most people in society – particularly laypeople – still lack sufficient understanding and experience in collaborating with them. This gap becomes a barrier when interacting with deep learning-based AI systems, where users often struggle to assess the trustworthiness of AI advice. Consequently, individuals may develop uncalibrated trust or misperceptions about AI capabilities, hindering appropriate reliance and degrading overall team performance. Empirical studies have shown that human-AI teams often underperform compared to AI systems operating alone, highlighting that current human-AI collaboration remains suboptimal. These observations underscore a substantial need to advance our understanding of fostering effective human-AI collaboration.